Writing-3

“What effect does moving away from computers and towards tablets and smartphones have on how we browse the Internet? ” (essay - 3)

A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out an arbitrary set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. The ability of computers to follow a sequence of operations, called a program, make computers very applicable to a wide range of tasks. 

The Internet is run on computers and it connects millions of other computers.Difference between Tablet and Smartphone

Key difference: Tablets are a cross between smartphones and laptops, have a bigger screen than smartphones and provide a better multimedia experience. Smartphones are mobiles that have capabilities like mini handheld computers.The major difference between smartphones and tablets is their connectivity. All smartphone, nowadays, have Wi-Fi and 3G connectivity. This means that they are able to connect to the internet through a Wi-Fi signal, and are able to use the 3G networks to call, send SMS, as well as, send and download data.

However, most tablets only have Wi-Fi connectivity. Some tablets do come with both Wi-Fi and 3G connectivity, but they tend to cost more.Of course you could make things easy and plump for both a shiny new smartphone and a tablet, but they don't come and cheap and for many of us we only realistically need one or the other.

Writing-6

“Networking” (essay-6)

In information technology, networking is the construction, design, and use of a network, including the physical (cabling, hub, bridge, switch, router, and so forth), the selection and use of telecommunication protocol and computer software for using and managing the network, and the establishment of operation policies and procedures related to the network.

Today the world scenario is changing. Data Communication and network have changed the way business and other daily affair works. Now, they rely on computer networks and internetwork. A node can be a device which is capable of sending or receiving data generated by other nodes on the network like a computer, printer etc.

Networking is a vital factor for the successful working of information systems. There are various networking systems, i.e., Television networks. Railway networks, Post and Telegraph networks and Computer networks. But the contributions of computer networking are significant. In a computer networking, computers are connected with one another for sharing programs, data's, documents etc. or in short information's.

Computer network systems are mainly two types. i.e.

(a) The Local Area Network (LAN) for smart
distance with a high data transfer rate.

(b) The Wide Area Network (WAN) for greater
physical distance with a low transfer rate.

With tremendous revolution in micro computer (PC) in early eighties, the LAN system gained its momentum.

The LAN system in a PC can work within a short distance, i.e., with the same floor in a building or in different floors of the same building through cable networking. LANs consist of workstations that are connected to a control computer called FILE SERVER (special purpose computer).The file server is.

The central node of any of the network systems that sends instructions to the workstations. Actually workstations are the nodal computers and the users use it for executing their application programs locally. The work stations send request to the central node i.e., file server for receiving the desired instructions.

LANS network topologies are of three types i.e., (a) star, (b) ring and (c) bus. Network technology is the method by which various terminals/stations are connected with each other. LAN can be connected to larger networks including mainframe computers. This gives the users of LANS access to enormous computing power and excellent communication facilities. Computerization in banking system is the best example of LAN network.

When computer system connections cover a long distance or larger geographical area like intercity, intercity or countries to share information's, the configuration is called Wide Area Network (WAN). This is basically are extensions of LAN through telephone links and satellite connections. A Router (special purpose computer) and software’s are required to establish the link.

Finally, Today the world scenario is changing. Data Communication and network have changed the way business and other daily affair works. Now, they rely on computer networks and internetwork. Computer network is a telecommunication channel through which we can share our data. It is also called data network. The best example of computer network is Internet. Computer network does not mean a system with control unit and other systems as its slave. It is called a distributed system

Writing-5 "Operating system"

“Operating system” (essay-5)

I’m going to explain the basics of an operating system. Every general-purpose computer must have an operating system to run other programs and applications. It’s the chief program that manages all of the hardware and software. It has control of every process, file, section of memory and device. It is very important as it works as a middleman making sure both hardware and software interact correctly.

There are four essential managers of very operating system and they all together like a team to get jobs compeleted. The operating system works as their boss and makes sure they are all working in harmony.

·         The File manager is a type of software that manages data files in a computer system. It has limited capabilities and is designed to manage individual or group files, such as special office documents and records. It may display report details, like owner, creation date, state of completion and similar features useful in an office environment.

·         The Memory manager  is the function responsible for managing the computer's primary memory. The memory management function keeps track of the status of each memory location, either allocated or free. It determines how memory is allocated among competing processes, deciding which gets memory, when they receive it, and how much they are allowed. 

·         The Process manager  is an integral part of any modern-day operating system (OS). The OS must allocate resources to processes, enable processes to share and exchange information, protect the resources of each process from other processes and enable synchronization among processes.

·         The Device manager is a feature of Microsoft Windows that detects and lists hardware devices and their status information. Device Manager is available in Microsoft Windows 95, 98, ME, 2000, 2003, XP, Vista, 7, 8, and 10.

·         Network management is the process of administering and managing the computer networks of one or many organisations. Various services provided by network managers include fault analysis, performance management, provisioning of network and network devices.

Every desktop computer, tablet, and smartphone includes an operating system that provides basic functionality for the device. Common desktop operating systems include Windows,  MAC OS, Linux and Unix. While each OS is different, most provide a graphical user interface, or GUI, that includes a desktop and the ability to manage files and folders. 

1.      Windows Operating Systems is a family of operating systems for personal and business computers. Windows dominates the personal computer world, offering a graphical user interface (GUI), virtual memory management, multitasking, and support for many peripheral devices.

2.      Mac Operating System is the official name of the Apple Macintosh operating system. Mac OS features a graphical user interface (GUI) that utilizes windows, icons, and all applications that run on a Macintosh computer have a similar user interface.

3.      Linux Operating System is a freely distributed open source operating system that runs on a number of hardware platforms. The Linux kernel was developed mainly by Linus Torvalds and it is based on Unix.

Finally, An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware and controls the execution of all kinds of programs. This is the most important program that runs on a computer.  It also allows you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's language. Without an operating system, a computer is useless.

Writing-4

A lot of people say about the effects of technology and communication.

Do you agree or disagree? (essay-4)

As modern technology grows and advances by leaps and bounds, so too does its effect on our life and society.. People communicate through emails, faxes, Mobile phones, texting services, video conferences, video chart-rooms and social media channels. These being aided by technologies of communication, we are can be possible  to make a lighter work, save a time, fast the get information and easy  the face-to-face communication So using technology in communication has become a necessity.

My main argument is technology has changed the way we interact and communicate with other.  With the increased use of social based networks, people can create new relationships and also discover old friends. So communication has become easier and cheaper. Text messaging services: Keeping in touch with friends is very important, so text messaging services have solved this problem by creating mobile phone apps.Social networking platforms: These social interaction networks have helped individuals discover old school friends and also get new friends based on interests and region. Free internet calls: Friends can call each other for free using free internet call centers. A good example is SKYPE. Use of emails: Even though social networks are trying to replace email communication. So email services like yahoo mail, hotmail and Gmail. Have eased communication.

            My next argument is,s every business uses technology in its own way to reach the media and targeted consumers. Also businesses have embraced technology by easing communication with in companies and among investors and suppliers. Below are a few uses of technology in communication to a business: Easy Product Launch Product or service surveys, social interaction with consumers, video conferencing and use of digital networks.

However, we need only look at the nearest gaggle of teenagers glued to their cell phones to realize that there are also plenty of downsides from technology's impact on communication. Technology of communication is have disadvantges the lost art of conversation, deteriorating language, enabling rudeness and  constant disruption.

In conclusion, As time goes on, more emerging technologies will change the way we communicate and it will be up to us to embrace them or not. Technology has transformed the way we communicate , it has created a big impact in how businesses interact with consumers and how friends interact with each other.

           

Writing-2

Writing-2

I agree with people when we work go banking or everywhere. This is good because computer have caused very improvements in communications, medicine, design, education and lots of things and brought about a profound change in the way most people in Rich countries live. I think computers brought many benefits and play a very important role in our modern life.

There are definitely more good things than bad things about computers. And 21th century is information of the technology (computer) , social world and century of Internet. Although if shouldn’t be forgetten that the majority of the inhabitants of this planet have ever seen used a computer once. 

Some people say thet the invention of computers is one of the greatest humankind’s inventions Another imperative aspect of this is what people are able to type all their information, make  corrections, print or send documents using computers. It makes life much easier. One can spend the rest of the time watching tv with family or working on new.

            We use computers everyday,sometimes even nt knowing it. It computers provided a great means of communication – Internet. I it is the easiest and cheapest way to get in touch with relatives, friends, etc.

When  I was a little boy, I couldn’t imagine that would be possible to communicate with people from all around the world in so easy way.

            Finally, To sum up, I believe that computers made our lives easier. They change our attitude life and future life. I think with the invention of computers people became closer and friendlier.

Writing-1

Writing-1

This bar chart illustrates the of UK telephone calls by category, over seven-year period between 1995 to 2002. Overall, it can be seen over the period, there was a fluctuant trend in the number of Local call type.

In comparison, the highest jump was for local call types in 1999. Another interesting point is that mobile (all calls ) calls was the less used type than other call types. Looking at the detail, the number of call types at national and international call types was 35m in 1995 and then inceased remarkably to reach the highest point og 60m in 2002. In 2000, the figure dipped to 57m. Last year, there was a slight growth to 59m.

On the other hand local local call types began at 72m in 1995, after that it rose  for the next three years  at 82m. In 2002, mobiles call type reached the peak point at 45m.However, If we look at mobiles call type, it started at the lowest point at 4m calls in the first year.

Finally, more than the mobiles call type had fourth doubled by 2002, since from 1995.